TASK 1 “Assignment of Discourse”
Name : Anisa Supriyeni
NIM : A 320 090 027
Class : A
The 1st to the 3rd meeting assignment of DA
1. Explain in your own words what discourse study is. To answer the question: first examine the three texts (under the activity 1a 1b and 1c) in the book “Discourse Analysis” by David Nunan (page 1-2).
2. Choose one short article in English from a newspaper and find the cohesion and deixis used within the article. Make the interpretation of the meaning of each kind of cohesion and deixis throughout the context of the text.
ANSWERS
1. Discourse study is the study of language, which is, the interpretation of communicative event in context, so it is perceived to be meaningful.
2. 300 kg of nails collected on C. Jakarta’s streets in 4 months
The Jakarta Post, Monday January 9, 2012
1. A total of 300 kilograms of nails spread intentionally on the roads in Central Jakarta was collected by the Sabu Bersih Ranjau (Saber) community from August to November last year.
2. The community voluntarily patrols regularly to remove nails from the streets.
3. We have collected 300 kilograms of nails in Central Jakarta only, such as from Jl. Hasyim Ashari, Sawah Besar and around Pasar Senen,” Saber coodinator Siswanto said during a patrol on Sunday.
4. “Thirty percent of the collected nails were found in front of the presidential palace,” he said.
5. Most of the nails collected are 3 to 5 centimeters long, he added.
6. “Every day, during the morning patrol, we collect at least 1 kilogram of nails, but on our night shift, we collect more than that,” Siswanto said. Equipped with magnets on a long stick and flashlights, Saber volunteers patrol Central and West Jakarta from 5:30 a.m. to 10 a.m. and from 5:30 p.m. to 10 p.m.
7. “West Jakarta has started to see fewer areas prone to nail traps, unlike in Central Jakarta,” he said.
8. Another Saber volunteer, Rohim, said the members also sometimes patrolled around Pulogadung in East Jakarta.
9. The type of nail trap in East Jakarta is often made from pieces of umbrella spokes, Rohim said.
10. Saber believed that the perpetrators were roadside tire-repair men who regularly put nails on roads to stimulate their business.
11. Saber community currently has 11 members of various backgrounds, such as ojek (motorcycle taxi) drivers, private employees and street sweepers.
12. The head of security and safety at the Jakarta Traffic Police, Adj. Comr. Yakup Dedy Karyawan, said traffic police officers across the city also conducted similar operations to clean the streets of nails everyday.
13. He said the Jakarta Police also had one car designed specifically to remove nails from streets.
14. Yakub said there were two motives behind nail traps, as the perpetrators usually targeted motorcycle drivers and car owners during peak hours.
15. “The nails are ussually placed by the perpetrators on the street at dawn around 3 a.m. and 4:30 a.m. and before dusk,” he told The Jakarta Post.
16. “when motorcyclist are in a rush for work or home, this ploy is usually used by tire-repair men to sell tires at a high price. While for cars the motive is purely criminal in that when victims pull over due to a flat tire, the perpetrators take the chance to steal valuables from the cars,” he said.
17. Yakub advised road users to be cautious when passing areas prone to nail traps, including Jl. Raya Bekasi, Daan Mogot in West Jakarta, Jl. Majapahit in Central Jakarta, Jl. Prof. Dr, Satrio in South Jakarta and Jl. Cakung-Cilincing Raya in North Jakarta.
COHESION ANALYSIS
v In the second sentence “The community” is Ellipsis because the omission of word “the Sabu Bersih Ranjau (Saber)”.
v In the third sentence “We” is anaphoric reference referring to “the Sabu Bersih Ranjau (Saber) community”.
The word “nails” is Lexical cohesion (repetition) reffering to “nails (in the first and second sentence)”.
The word “and” is Conjunction (paratactic).
v In the fourth sentence “he” is anaphoric reference referring to “Siswanto”.
v In the fifth sentence “he” is anaphoric reference referring to “Siswanto”.
v In the sixth sentence “We” is anaphoric reference referring to “the Sabu Bersih Ranjau (Saber) community”.
The word “but” is Conjunction (paratactic).
The word “Siswanto” is cataphoric reference, because the preceding word has been mentioned by word “he”.
v In the seventh sentence “West jakarta” is Lexical cohesion (repetition) reffering to “West jakarta (in the sixth sentence)”.
The word “he” is anaphoric reference referring to “Siswanto”.
v In the tenth sentence “their” is anaphoric reference referring to “men who regularly put nails on roads”.
v In the eleventh sentence “and” is Conjunction (paratactic).
v In the twelve sentence “Adj. Comr.” is Lexical cohesion (synonymy) referring to “Yakup Dedy Karyawan”.
v In the thirteenth sentence “He” is anaphoric reference referring to “Adj. Comr. Yakup Dedy Karyawan”.
v In the fourteenth sentence “Yakub” is cataphoric reference, because the preceding word has been mentioned by word “he”.
v In the fifteenth sentence “he” is anaphoric reference referring to “Adj. Comr. Yakup Dedy Karyawan”.
v In the sixteenth sentence “he” is anaphoric reference referring to “Yakup Dedy Karyawan”.
v In the seventh sentence “Yakub” is cataphoric reference, because the preceding word has been mentioned by word “he”.
DEIXIS ANALYSIS
v The first sentence
- Temporal deixis, “last year” means in 2011.
v The second sentence
- Spatial deixis, “streets” mean on the roads in Central Jakarta.
v The thirth sentence
- Person deixis, “We” mean Sabu Bersih Ranjau (Saber) community and Siswanto as Saber coodinator.
- Social deixis (absolute), “Saber coodinator” means Siswanto.
- Temporal deixis, “Sunday” means a day before on Monday.
v The fourth sentence
- Person deixis, “he” means Siswanto.
v The fifth sentence
- Person deixis, “he” means Siswanto.
v The sixth sentence
- Temporal deixis
· “Everyday” means the time where the activity remove nails from the streets regularly.
· “night shift” means the time where the activity remove nails from the streets in hours of dusk.
· “5:30 a.m. to 10 a.m.” means the time, in which, hours of morning patrol.
· “5:30 p.m. to 10 p.m.” means the time, in which, hours of dusk patrol.
- Person deixis, “our” mean Sabu Bersih Ranjau (Saber) community and Siswanto as Saber coodinator.
v The seventh sentence
- Person deixis, “he” means Siswanto.
v The eighth sentence
- Spatial deixis, “around Pulogadung” means in East Jakarta.
v The tenth sentence
- Person deixis, “their” mean roadside tire-repair men
v The twelve sentence
- Social deixis (absolute), “The head of security and safety” means Traffic Police, Adj. Comr. Yakup Dedy Karyawan.
- Temporal deixis, “everyday” means the time where the activity remove nails from the streets regularly.
v The thirteenth sentence
- Person deixis, “He” means Traffic Police, Adj. Comr. Yakup Dedy Karyawan
v The fourteenth sentence
- Temporal deixis, “peak hours” mean the time, in which, motorcycle drivers and car owners are crowded
v The fifteenth sentence
- Temporal deixis
· “the street at dawn” means the time where the perpetrators placed the nails around 3 a.m. and 4:30 a.m.
· “before dusk” means the time prior to coming early evening.
- Person deixis, “he” means Adj. Comr. Yakup Dedy Karyawan.
v The sixteenth sentence
- Discourse deixis, “this” means to relate the time when motorcyclist are in a rush for work or home and the time usually used by tire-repair men to sell tires at a high price and take the chance to steal valuables from the cars.
- Person deixis, “he” means Adj. Comr. Yakup Dedy Karyawan.
